Let’s start out with suggestions for a puppy, which can also be used on an adult Lhasa new to the home. Adopting an older Lhasa (be it 10 months or 5 years) gives you an edge in that it has a larger bladder to start with and has more focus on matters at hand. Lhasa puppies are silly little things flitting here, flying there peeing before you even know what happened because their legs are so short you probably didn't even realize they were squatting!!!!!!

**For clarification ~ unless specifically noted, "Lhasa" is used when referring to a puppy or an older dog.

First and foremost, you have a puppy, a baby (an infant, if you will) living with you now. It has very small organs and no control over its bladder or bowels. As the pup matures, it will gain more control over these bodily functions. Also, please bear in mind it is not uncommon for an older Lhasa to have some training issues until it learns

xxx1) What is and what isn’t appropriate

xxx2) What the normal household routine is, and

xxx3) Where it’s place is in the pack order

Until such time, we suggest utilizing the crate/tether/gate method as a training tool for all ages. If your Lhasa isn't in its crate, it is tethered to you by means of a 4-6 foot leash (called "tether training"). If it's not crated or tethered, it is gated (or penned) in a small area with its toys, food and bedding for short supervised periods of time. With Lhasas older than 8 months, we suggest using a crate/tether at all times. By keeping your Lhasa in close proximity, you will learn its "I gotta go potty" body language and can move to get it outside. Lhasas generally will not soil a crate unless:

xxx1) The crate is too large

xxx2) If they are left for unreasonable periods of time, or

xxx3) If they have a gastrointestinal "bug."

Puppies should be taken out every 20-30 minutes to the same area; dogs over a year can go out every 1-2 hours. Pick a cue word or phrase and use it every time, i.e., "Get with it! "Hurry hurry!" etc. For every appropriate potty behavior, lavish praise and a special treat are in order. You want to make a big production of it so he/she knows you are extremely pleased with its behavior. We suggest a special, irresistible treat reserved just for potty training along a happy, high-pitched voice just oozing praises ... and never mind what the neighbors think. Puppies should also be taken out:

xxx1) First thing out of the crate

xxx2) Right after every meal

xxx3) In the middle of a long play session, and

xxx4) Just before bedtime [in addition to the every 20-30 minutes ... oh yes, puppies are lots of work!!.

As the pup matures, you can extend the time between potty breaks.

**Please bear in mind that when you get your new pup outside, it is going to want to jump, play, explore, run, and mouth everything it can find (an older, new dog will want to sniff and check everything out) ... anything but go potty. In other words, you'll have to spend some time with it for every potty run to begin with. You want to give it plenty of time to go (but don't play with him/her) and then be on hand when it does so you can treat/praise lavishly. If, after a reasonable amount of time, your Lhasa still hasn't gone potty, put him/her in its crate. Wait 10-15 minutes and take outside again. You may have to do this several times before getting the desired result: ... elimination outside! We guarantee the minute you decide your Lhasa doesn't have to go and is allowed access to the carpet, it will unload the nanosecond your back is turned or it gets out of your line-of-sight behind the leg of the coffee table.

**If your Lhasa has an accident, do not scold unless you catch it in the act!! Clean up the accident quickly, quietly and out of his/her sight, if at all possible. Lhasas do not take kindly to physical punishment or yelling. A simple "bad boy/girl" in a low voice accompanied by a frown is sufficient ... and only if you catch your Lhasa in the act. Immediately take it outside ... if it manages to eliminate outside ~ even a drop ~ after having an accident inside, you want to praise heartily and treat immediately. A rolled-up newspaper should only be used to hit yourself in the head because you were not watching your Lhasa close enough. Scolding a Lhasa after the fact only teaches it is "bad to go potty" at any time ... then you'll have a Lhasa sneaking off and eliminating somewhere else in the house where you can't see it (another good reason for tethering training).

BOTTOM LINE: if your Lhasa is having accidents in the house, it's YOUR fault for not watching him/her close enough and anticipating its elimination needs.

**Buy an enzymatic cleaner and use it correctly. Both canines and felines are drawn back to the same elimination area by smell (and they will return to the same area again and again, if allowed). These cleaners have enzymes in them that "eat" stains and odors. Nature's Miracle and Simple Solution are two of the most popular and can be purchased at any pet supply. Don't bother with the quart, the gallon size is much more economical and you will be using it! Works on urine, feces, vomit and blood. We’re finding that some folks buy Nature's Miracle (wonderful product) and then use it incorrectly. Once the initial feces/urine is cleaned/wiped up, the cleaner should be used to soak the whole area and then left to dry. No blotting up allowed!! The enzymes can't work if they're being drawn back out of the carpet and pad. When steam cleaning carpets, I use the enzymatic cleaner in a 50/50 mixture in my big Hoover steam cleaner (50% water, 50% enzymatic cleaner). Also works great on ceramic kitchen tile and grout as it penetrates the grout and eliminates stains/odors. For tough or old stains, you may have to apply and let dry several times over several days. Can also be used to muck out crates. AGAIN ... buy the gallon size (and if the store is across town, buy 2 gallons!).

**If you're lucky enough to be installing new carpet before a new pet arrives, invest in "PetPad" carpet padding. It is special carpet padding that has a waterproof layer bonded directly to the top of the pad. If there are any accidents or spills, it keeps the liquid from soaking completely through the padding to the sub flooring ... which makes it much easier to clean and remove stains/odors from the carpet. The additional cost is nominal and well worth the investment.

**The most serious training blunders an owner can make are

xxx1) Allowing the Lhasa access to other areas of the house before he/she has earned it by displaying xxxappropriate potty habits and

xxx2) Not monitoring his/her every move.

Granted, there will be accidents ... poop happens. However, if you are watching your Lhasa carefully (tethering), confining it to a specific area (crate/gate), and giving it ample opportunity to eliminate outside accompanied by lavish praise/treats, it will all come together ... but not overnight and it varies with each Lhasa. Some will "get it" at six months ... others won't until they are older and possibly close to being 12 months old. Until they do get it, consistency and communicating to them what is expected are priorities. I find with older Lhasas it generally takes anywhere from 1-4 months after arriving in the home to be deemed totally reliable (some less, some more ... depends on the dog). And remember, each dog is an individual and what works for one, may not work on another. You have to take into consideration the Lhasa, background, temperament, and what other problems need to be dealt with first.

**We use a 60-day "rule of thumb" when house training. Each day that goes by without an accident is counted, i.e., Day 1, Day 2, etc., etc. An accident bumps us back to "Day 1" again. When a Lhasa has gone a full consecutive 60 days with no accidents, we deem it as being "reliable." In the event of a relapse, we revert to the crate/tether/gate method to whatever degree we feel is necessary ... it may be a full tether, or just a baby gate placed across the door to the room that I am in with the Lhasa, or crating when unsupervised ... or all three methods and counting from Day 1 again.

**Finally!!!! ... Your Lhasa has figured out that going potty outdoors has its own rewards and will "Get with it!" on command. How do you go from annoying the neighbors with your incessant chant at all hours to getting your Lhasa to "tell" you it needs to go?? There are two generally-recognized methods you can utilize for this.

The first is the "bell" method: Hang a small string of bells (saved from Christmas or purchased at a craft store) by the back door at the Lhasa's level. Each time you take your Lhasa outside, physically take its nose or paw and "ring" the bells (accompanied by praise, of course). One day, your Lhasa will run to the door and ring the bells!! (And you'd better hope you're not at the other end of the house where you can't hear them.) Only problem with bells ...

xxx1) They can't be heard all over the house,

xxx2) If you're visiting other homes, you'll need to bring your bells along, and

xxx3) Some Lhasas don't like bells and won't go near them.

I prefer teaching them to "speak" on command using treats. Once your Lhasa has mastered "speaking," start cuing it at the door during a normal potty run ... "Frankie, you need to go outside?? What do you say?? Can you speak?" When he/she "speaks," the door is opened and access to the yard is allowed. Same cue to open the door to get back inside. "Telling" you they have to go outside (or want back inside) works anywhere, anytime and is easily transferable to any outside door. Don't be surprised if you find yourself designated "doorperson" for a Lhasa that enjoys the yard. If you know the pooch in question really doesn't have to go, i.e., was just outside and just went potty (which means you are still monitoring his/her toilet habits), you can deny access, should you choose. Many smart little Lhasas will play the "I go outside, I get a cookie/treat" game if allowed ..and then you end up with a smart, fat little Lhasa. As a side note, some Lhasas will refuse to "tell" you they have to go outside. You’re expected to read their minds and know "I'm sitting here staring at the door," means, "I gotta go potty." These are the dogs that I run out of the house every 1-2 hours or so just in case.

Having your Lhasa on a set feeding and toileting routine is extremely beneficial when house training. You learn his/her schedule and can anticipate its needs for elimination. With the older Lhasas, I feed once a day in the early evening with several "potty" treats during the day. If a Lhasa has a sensitive tummy and/or is having the dreaded "yellow foamies," I'll split its daily food intake into two meals or supplement the once-a-day meal with small treats throughout the day to keep its tummy from becoming empty. However, should the smaller, more frequent meals or additional treats throughout the day not take care of the "foamy" problem, please have your Lhasa evaluated by a vet!! The "yellow foam" is actually bile being thrown up and can be a sign of a much more serious problem, i.e., an upper GI tract inflammation that can be come very serious … even life threatening … if ignored.

Learn to use "cues," like a having one outside spot designated as a potty area ... even if it means picking up a poop in the house and carrying it outside to the potty area for that newly-arrived Lhasa. If you have another housetrained dog, enlist its aid to help train your new arrival (once you've determined the two are compatible). Every time the older or established dog goes outside for potty, send the little buddy out too. (On the other hand, if you have a dog that isn't fully housetrained, it will also be teaching its little buddy where to toilet in the house ...).

Some Lhasas will engage in "coprophagia" … in other words, they eat their own poop. There are many theories why this happens, none of which makes it any more palatable to us humans. If your Lhasa starts this unpleasant snacking activity, you can do the "swoop and scoop," getting it out of their reach as soon as possible. Some owners have good results mixing green beans or pineapple in with their Lhasa's regular food. Others employ commercial products such as "Deter" or "Forbid" which are sprinkled on regular food. Still others swear by Tabasco sauce dashed on the "delicacy." You'll just have to experiment and see what works best for you and your dog. Some Lhasas will also raid the cat's litter box given half a chance … a medical disaster waiting to happen if you use clay-based litter. Keep litter boxes out of reach or inaccessible.

If you have a Lhasa (or any pet, canine or feline) suddenly "lose" its house training when it has been reliable for a long time, please have it thoroughly evaluated by your vet. It may have an underlying medical condition causing it to lose its training, i.e., bladder/kidney stones, urinary tract infection, diabetes, Cushing's or Addison's disease, cognitive difficulties, epileptic seizures, liver disease or kidney failure. Neutered males or spayed females may also develop incontinence, which can easily be controlled with medication. Any deviation from established habits is good reason for going to the vet … and not just assuming your Lhasa is being "stubborn" or "vengeful" or "getting old."

Lhasas recovering from bladder or kidney stones have their own set of problems, especially if surgery was involved. Until the bladder/kidney heals, they may have some leakage or little control. Please be patient with your Lhasa and consult with your vet if it doesn't appear to be improving.

Males & Marking: Some male dogs will engage in "marking" behaviors. By urinating a little on whatever they pass by, they are telling other dogs that "this is mine and I'm willing to defend it." One of the best ways to prevent this is to have your male neutered at an early age (4-6 months old), and the sooner the better. Many early-neutered males never lift their legs and they'll never come up with testicular cancer or one of the other related problems. If you've an older male with marking problems, you can purchase "belly bands" which work well in conjunction with tether training (here's that word again!). A belly band is a strip of cloth that is wrapped around the dog's middle which fastens with Velcro. Inside the belly band is a woman's panty liner. As the dog goes along "marking," the urine is contained within the pad. At the same time, you can issue a correction, i.e., a short, sharp pull on the leash and the command "no mark!" Until such time as the dog learns marking is not acceptable behavior, the furnishings are protected. Obviously, when running the dog outside, the belly band needs to be removed. If you can't find belly bands in your area, you can make your own or go online with one of the search engines and locate an outlet for them (Google.com is the premium search engine with well over 2+ billion websites referenced). Occasionally, females will also engage in this marking of territory. Again, tether training is your best bet to teach her this is unacceptable behavior in a home setting. Early spaying of a female will decrease the likelihood of this behavior, in addition to greatly reducing her risk of getting mammary cancer. And a spayed female will never have an unplanned pregnancy or the often fatal pyrometria (infection of the uterus).

Lhasa Happy Homes Rescue, Inc., would like to thank Vickie Kuhlmann and the American Lhasa Apso Rescue Network for allowing us to reprint this on our website